tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48660712952813480742024-03-21T08:14:50.239-07:00AutoidyAutomotive and Informatica in one "Autoidy"Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-66863793633731245072017-03-10T06:53:00.001-08:002017-03-10T06:53:31.561-08:00GESTALT<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
GESTALT</div>
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1. PROXIMITY (kedekatan)<br />
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2. SIMILARITY (kemiripan)<br />
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3.CLOSURE (ketertutupan)<br />
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4.CONTINUITY (kesinambungan)<br />
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5. FIGURE&GROUND<br />
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<br />Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-16912152899346310772015-09-30T22:30:00.000-07:002015-10-01T10:45:50.186-07:00How to create and display plus-minus sign (±) in computerHow to create and display a plus-minus sign (±)<br />
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Signs or less (±) are often found in the document. Typically, this sign is included to mention the price range or number of products and goods. To write this mark, most PC users using the "Symbol" in the Microsoft Office programs, both Word and Excel. Usually, they only take once of the "Symbol" in the process of editing or typing. Furthermore, most of them living copying the mark when required in other paragraphs.<br />
However, there were also among those who write the spelling of the sentence, ie "less is more" to save time editing.<br />
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Actually, how to write the mark quickly, without the hassle of using the "Symbol" that can be called from the menu "Insert"? By typing the "+" followed by "/" and "-" to form a "+/-" seems to be somewhat less effective for your document. Therefore, it is better you use these tips.<br />
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To make the "Less is More" on the document, you can use a shortcut. Before you type the number his number, try to use the key combination "Alt" and "0177". How, you hold the "Alt" and press "0177". For "0177" you have to type on the "Numeric" on the keyboard. Therefore, make sure the first function "Num Lock" is on. After you type the key combination, see the results. Sign "±" must have in your worksheet.Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-11385309337689961062015-09-30T10:17:00.004-07:002015-09-30T10:17:47.501-07:00cara mudah download melewati adf.ly atau iklan adfly<blockquote class="tr_bq">
udah nge klik link download malah yang keluar iklan adfly? nah, sebenarnya itu adalah bukan iklan yang bikin kita jadi ngalor ngidul kemana-mana, iklan adfly adalah hanya sekedar promosi yang dilakukan web tersebut dan kita berhak memilih mengikuti promosi tersebut atau tidak.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Nahh.. buat yang gamau ribet dengan iklan adf.ly tersebut, jangan sampai salah klik, atau jangan klik apapun selagi adf.ly itu loading</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxw9zLM8l5P1b4eAFSS51jZY-xVk0uyowAjQa5ej-CrYMTLqYguvHEVicaA_Qqk3Vop0TlLQQACALpS57H3EjQKT0xhhsMXo4P-Q-43CmGthUKYx5njK1B2JIqUVym-M_vu7FIHUysYd2h/s1600/Untitled+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxw9zLM8l5P1b4eAFSS51jZY-xVk0uyowAjQa5ej-CrYMTLqYguvHEVicaA_Qqk3Vop0TlLQQACALpS57H3EjQKT0xhhsMXo4P-Q-43CmGthUKYx5njK1B2JIqUVym-M_vu7FIHUysYd2h/s320/Untitled+1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
lalu lihat pojok kanan atas yang bertuliskan "harap tunggu", sampai muncul kata "lewati"</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrO2q7Ztnb4wCo8wfyj7Q_giZ4fd6X9FYyHEx2ta82vmC1TYvVLw59cnkkgsqTORE3atHhl6_0Qzv_XJIEv07OHY_styME8JANN_qj7R1vbRxuIQYXjedwGW9PH_9XlLEgC0ns5V52FTL5/s1600/Untitled+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrO2q7Ztnb4wCo8wfyj7Q_giZ4fd6X9FYyHEx2ta82vmC1TYvVLw59cnkkgsqTORE3atHhl6_0Qzv_XJIEv07OHY_styME8JANN_qj7R1vbRxuIQYXjedwGW9PH_9XlLEgC0ns5V52FTL5/s320/Untitled+2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
dan untuk pengguna operamini , akan muncul seperti ini</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe2mksPIFNQBWgMicqfSjPRbF3IEWwssUXpCJSgSlihyphenhyphen-fjko_MaV4-SL_rKQ9Mv_nH3ua8KHyto9NmrAwcul_2jnnXMjSRObMoP26Cy7prvkstFp3qjBQt6AfdzctDiOd50jR2zdRDNHM/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe2mksPIFNQBWgMicqfSjPRbF3IEWwssUXpCJSgSlihyphenhyphen-fjko_MaV4-SL_rKQ9Mv_nH3ua8KHyto9NmrAwcul_2jnnXMjSRObMoP26Cy7prvkstFp3qjBQt6AfdzctDiOd50jR2zdRDNHM/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
yuk langsung praktek lewatin adf.ly , sekalian download mp3 surah arrahman</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://autoidy.blogspot.co.id/2015/09/bacaan-murottal-al-quran-merdu-syaikh.html">Bacaan murottal al-qur'an merdu Syaikh Misyari Rasyid Alafasy - surrah Ar-rahman download mp3</a></blockquote>
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Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-45532523847496975332015-09-30T09:35:00.001-07:002015-09-30T22:43:49.847-07:00Download mp3 Bacaan murottal al-qur'an merdu Syaikh Misyari Rasyid AlafasyBismillahiRrahmaaniRrahiim<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Assalamualaikum warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh, kali ini saya membagikan link download surah yang mengetuk pintu hati saya untuk menghafalnya dan mengamalkannya, insyaallah.. cocok untuk menghafalkan surah ar-rahman dengan nada yang bagus maupun panjang pendek bacaan tersebut, agar senantiasa hati kita terkait dengan al-qur'an ... yuk langsung aja ke => <a href="http://adf.ly/1PAerF" target="_blank">link downloadnya</a></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_vXhTY2agtxEn1ZADc1AXgvJZNvhwWITu1YcVrlO_34ussRJZp-1EINMV3SXoY1eSpGu8gciO_Mj0h9pZUsBSxyceB2LalsRrNaIY0GkRpARLteprU-6RUygOQ9wI4mYzQgLbWRi3RrFg/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_vXhTY2agtxEn1ZADc1AXgvJZNvhwWITu1YcVrlO_34ussRJZp-1EINMV3SXoY1eSpGu8gciO_Mj0h9pZUsBSxyceB2LalsRrNaIY0GkRpARLteprU-6RUygOQ9wI4mYzQgLbWRi3RrFg/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
cara downloadnya adalah klik <a href="http://adf.ly/1PAerF" target="_blank">link downloadnya</a> ,kemudian tunggu sampai 10 detik bila loading, lalu "klick here to continue" dan bila sudah masuk ke situs <a href="http://adf.ly/1PAerF" target="_blank">adfly</a> ,jangan klik apapun dan lihat pojok kanan atas "harap tunggu" sekitar 5 detik (dan untuk pengguna operamini ada petunjuknya diletak yang sama- icon refresh) , kemudian klik "Lewati" lalu kemudian klik tombol download(5,19 mb) </blockquote>
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Alhamdulillahirabbilalamiin.. Syukron dan mudah-mudahan bermanfaat</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Bila ada pertanyaan dan masih kurang jelas silahkan tulis komentar dibawah</blockquote>
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Insyaallah lain waktu akan saya bagikan link download full mp3 murottal alqur'an lainnya </div>
Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-56734095197455521342015-09-23T10:54:00.001-07:002015-09-30T01:45:45.905-07:00Video player SWF & FLV player download free windows exe work<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyhyphenhyphenqI4eTg2yIxjl05NwxSM1qRGgYq59fTSSoov6bVA_PsbiPlRc8LbpeFf_ojhuiAeCjKSMZ66HKnC6CkH37B_XgGVq-fQinPkFglQHx740FsATlbwA5a37zmaR_4NtZJDUvMrL29brG/s1600/player_pc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyhyphenhyphenqI4eTg2yIxjl05NwxSM1qRGgYq59fTSSoov6bVA_PsbiPlRc8LbpeFf_ojhuiAeCjKSMZ66HKnC6CkH37B_XgGVq-fQinPkFglQHx740FsATlbwA5a37zmaR_4NtZJDUvMrL29brG/s1600/player_pc.jpg" /></a></div>
Yang lagi nyari aplikasi buat jalanin swf dan flv player download free windows exe work, langsung aja ke link <a href="http://www.eltima.com/download/flash_player.exe">download</a> dan langkah installnya juga gampang, tinggal ikutin sampai installan selesai<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimVbubo8fHPs0jubUp7ZtWIJh16rKQss2VtDFHr2zX7EnXjODWubfWuG-PMLGofgnn9-v5j_m9MYJrlYv10pp2b822NxiOJE2pwk-v8yt3Ck93CX13hgi00PCOhpuV6Ms7k5ohyphenhyphenhzS0vmm/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimVbubo8fHPs0jubUp7ZtWIJh16rKQss2VtDFHr2zX7EnXjODWubfWuG-PMLGofgnn9-v5j_m9MYJrlYv10pp2b822NxiOJE2pwk-v8yt3Ck93CX13hgi00PCOhpuV6Ms7k5ohyphenhyphenhzS0vmm/s1600/1.jpg" /></a><br />
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With Free SWF & FLV Player you can:</h2>
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Control Flash movies playback</h3>
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SWF & FLV Player provides absolute control of the playback and lets you manage Flash movies at your fingertips. Play, pause, fast-forward, rewind, preview and browse through Adobe SWF/FLV files, manage SWF/FLV playlists with shuffle mode, zooming in/out and plenty of other extra-controls.</div>
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<h3 style="color: #228cf6; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 5px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px;">
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<a class="screenshot cboxElement" href="http://www.eltima.com/images/screenshots/player/3_view_flv_full-screen.jpg" rel="scr" style="display: block;" title="SWF & FLV Player PRO"><img alt="flv player for pc" class="png" src="http://www.eltima.com/images/screenshots/player/3.jpg" height="130" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 2px 2px 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 2px 2px 3px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" title="SWF & FLV Player PRO" width="164" /></a></div>
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<h3 style="color: #228cf6; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 5px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px;">
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Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-8597790501645183442014-10-05T02:31:00.003-07:002015-01-25T09:09:13.878-08:00Pengertian Perangkat keras ( Hardware ) komputer<div style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<b>Perangkat keras komputer</b><span class=""> adalah kumpulan elemen-elemen fisik yang merupakan </span>komputer<span class=""> sistem.</span>Perangkat keras komputer mengacu pada bagian fisik atau komponen komputer seperti monitor ,mouse, Keyboard , penyimpanan data komputer , hard drive hard disk (HDD), unit sistem (kartu grafis, kartu suara, memori, motherboard dan chip), dll yang semuanya benda-benda fisik yang dapat disentuh. Sebaliknya, perangkat lunak adalah instruksi yang dapat disimpan dan dijalankan oleh perangkat keras.</div>
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<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Software adalah setiap set mesin-dibaca instruksi yang mengarahkan prosesor komputer untuk melakukan operasi tertentu.</span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> Kombinasi hardware dan software membentuk sistem komputasi yang dapat digunakan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">Von Neumann architecture</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Template untuk semua komputer modern adalah </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">Von Neumann architecture</span> , rinci dalam </span>makalah 1945<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">oleh matematikawan Hungaria </span>John von Neumann<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> . <span class="">Ini menjelaskan arsitektur desain untuk elektronik</span></span><span class="">komputer digital</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> dengan subdivisi dari </span></span><span class="">unit pengolahan</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> yang terdiri dari </span></span><span class="">satuan logika aritmatika</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> dan</span></span><span class="">prosesor register</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> , sebuah </span></span><span class="">unit kontrol</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> yang berisi </span></span><span class="">instruksi register</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> dan </span></span><span class="">program counter</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> , sebuah </span></span><span class="">memori</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> untuk menyimpan data dan </span></span><span class="">instruksi</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> , eksternal </span></span><span class="">penyimpanan massal</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> , dan </span></span><span class="">input dan output </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class="">mekanisme. </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class="">Arti dari istilah telah berkembang untuk berarti </span></span><span class="">komputer disimpan-program</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> di mana instruksi mengambil dan operasi data tidak dapat terjadi pada saat yang sama karena mereka berbagi umum </span></span><span class="">bus</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class=""> . </span>Hal ini disebut sebagai </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">the Von Neumann bottleneck</span> dan sering membatasi kinerja sistem.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><img alt="File:Von Neumann Architecture.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Von_Neumann_Architecture.svg/510px-Von_Neumann_Architecture.svg.png" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Different_systems">Sistem yang berbeda </span></h2>
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Ada beberapa jenis sistem komputer yang digunakan saat ini.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_computer">Komputer pribadi </span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Personal_computer,_exploded_5.svg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="860" data-file-width="800" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg/200px-Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg.png" height="215" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg/300px-Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg/400px-Personal_computer%2C_exploded_5.svg.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
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Hardware dari komputer pribadi modern<br />
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1. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Monitor komputer">Memantau</a> 2.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Motherboard">Motherboard</a> 3.<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Processing_Unit" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Processing Unit">CPU</a> 4. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> 5.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_card" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kartu Ekspansi">Kartu ekspansi</a>6. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Power supply unit (komputer)">Power supply</a>7. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Optical disc drive">disc drive optik</a> 8. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a> 9.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Keyboard Komputer">Keyboard</a> 10.<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Mouse" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mouse Komputer">Tikus</a></div>
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Di dalam komputer custom-built: catu daya di bagian bawah memiliki kipas pendingin sendiri.</div>
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The komputer pribadi , juga dikenal sebagai PC, adalah salah satu jenis yang paling umum dari komputer karena fleksibilitas dan harga yang relatif rendah. Laptop umumnya sangat mirip, meskipun dapat menggunakan daya yang lebih rendah atau dikurangi komponen ukuran.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Case">Kasus </span></h4>
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Kasus komputer adalah plastik atau logam kandang yang rumah sebagian besar komponen. Yang ditemukan pada komputer desktop biasanya cukup kecil untuk muat di bawah meja, namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir desain yang lebih kompak telah menjadi tempat yang lebih umum, seperti all-in-one gaya desain dari Apple, yakni iMac . <span class="">Laptop adalah komputer yang biasanya datang dalam faktor bentuk clamshell, lagi namun di tahun lagi penyimpangan terbaru dari faktor bentuk ini sudah mulai muncul seperti laptop yang memiliki layar dilepas yang menjadi komputer tablet di kanan mereka sendiri.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Power_supply">Power supply </span></h4>
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<i>Sebuah </i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">power supply unit</span><i> (PSU) mengkonversi alternating current (AC) tenaga listrik untuk tegangan rendah DC daya untuk komponen internal komputer. Laptop mampu menjalankan dari baterai built-in, biasanya untuk jangka waktu jam. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware#cite_note-6" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[ 6 ]</a></sup></i></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Motherboard">Motherboard </span></h4>
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Motherboard adalah komponen utama dari komputer. Ini adalah papan persegi panjang besar dengan sirkuit terintegrasi yang menghubungkan bagian-bagian lain dari komputer termasuk CPU , yang RAM , disk drive ( CD , DVD , hard disk , atau yang lainnya) serta setiap periferal yang terhubung melalui port atau slot ekspansi .</div>
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Komponen yang melekat pada atau bagian dari motherboard ini termasuk:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <b>CPU</b> (Central Processing Unit) melakukan sebagian besar perhitungan yang memungkinkan sebuah komputer berfungsi, dan kadang-kadang disebut sebagai "otak" dari komputer. Hal ini biasanya didinginkan oleh heat sink dan kipas. Kebanyakan CPU yang lebih baru mencakup on-die Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) .</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <b>Chipset</b> , yang meliputi <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">the north bridge</span> , menengahi komunikasi antara CPU dan komponen lainnya dari sistem, termasuk memori utama.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <b>Random-Access Memory</b> (RAM) menyimpan kode dan data yang sedang aktif diakses oleh CPU.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <b>Read-Only Memory</b> (ROM) menyimpan BIOS yang berjalan saat komputer dinyalakan atau dimulai eksekusi, proses yang dikenal sebagai Bootstrap , atau " boot "atau" boot up ". The <b>BIOS</b> (Basic Input Output System) meliputi booting firmware dan manajemen daya firmware. Motherboard baru menggunakan <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Bus</b> menghubungkan CPU ke berbagai komponen internal dan ekspansi untuk kartu grafis dan suara.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CMOS baterai juga terpasang ke motherboard. Baterai ini adalah sama dengan baterai jam tangan atau baterai untuk remote ke sistem kunci sentral mobil. Kebanyakan baterai CR2032, yang mendukung memori untuk tanggal dan waktu dalam chip BIOS.</li>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Expansion_cards">Kartu ekspansi</span></h4>
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The [kartu ekspansi] dalam komputasi adalah papan sirkuit cetak yang dapat disisipkan ke sebuah slot ekspansi dari motherboard komputer atau backplane untuk menambahkan fungsionalitas ke sistem komputer melalui bus ekspansi.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Storage_devices">Penyimpanan perangkat </span></h4>
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Penyimpanan data komputer, yang sering disebut penyimpanan atau memori, merujuk kepada komponen komputer dan media perekaman yang mempertahankan data digital.Penyimpanan data adalah fungsi inti dan komponen fundamental dari komputer.</div>
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<b>Media Tetap</b></div>
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Data disimpan oleh komputer dengan menggunakan berbagai media. Hard disk drive yang ditemukan di hampir semua komputer yang lebih tua, karena kapasitas tinggi dan biaya rendah, tetapi solid-state drive yang lebih cepat dan efisien kekuasaan lebih besar, meskipun saat ini lebih mahal daripada hard drive, sehingga sering ditemukan di komputer lebih mahal. Beberapa sistem dapat menggunakan kontroler disk array untuk performa yang lebih atau keandalan.</div>
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<b>Removable media</b></div>
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Untuk mentransfer data antara komputer, sebuah USB flash drive atau disk optik dapat digunakan. Kegunaannya tergantung pada yang dibaca oleh sistem lain; sebagian besar mesin memiliki disk drive optik, dan hampir semua memiliki USB port yang.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Input_and_output_peripherals">Input dan output periferal </span></h4>
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Masukan dan keluaran perangkat biasanya ditempatkan eksternal ke chassis komputer utama. Berikut ini adalah standar atau sangat umum untuk banyak sistem komputer.</div>
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<b>Masukan</b></div>
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Perangkat input memungkinkan pengguna untuk memasukkan informasi ke dalam sistem, atau mengendalikan operasinya. Sebagian besar komputer pribadi memiliki mouse dan keyboard, tetapi sistem laptop biasanya menggunakan touchpad sebagai pengganti mouse. Perangkat input lainnya termasuk Webcam , mikrofon , joystick , dan scanner gambar .</div>
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<b>Perangkat output</b></div>
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Perangkat output<span class=""> menampilkan informasi dalam bentuk yang dapat dibaca manusia. </span>Perangkat tersebut dapat mencakup printer , speaker , monitor atau embosser Braille .</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Mainframe_computer">Mainframe komputer </span></h3>
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Sebuah IBM System z9 mainframe</div>
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Sebuah komputer mainframe adalah komputer yang jauh lebih besar yang biasanya mengisi ruang dan mungkin biaya ratusan atau ribuan kali lebih banyak sebagai komputer pribadi. Mereka dirancang untuk melakukan sejumlah besar perhitungan bagi pemerintah dan perusahaan besar.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Departmental_computing">Komputasi Departemen </span></h3>
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Pada tahun 1960 dan 1970-an semakin banyak departemen mulai menggunakan sistem yang lebih murah dan berdedikasi untuk tujuan tertentu seperti kontrol proses dan otomatisasi laboratorium .</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Supercomputer">Supercomputer </span></h3>
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Sebuah superkomputer adalah dangkal mirip dengan mainframe, tetapi justru dimaksudkan untuk tugas-tugas komputasi sangat menuntut.Pada November 2013 , superkomputer tercepat di dunia adalah Tianhe-2 , di Guangzhou , Cina. </div>
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Superkomputer Istilah tidak mengacu pada teknologi tertentu. Melainkan menunjukkan komputer tercepat yang tersedia pada waktu tertentu.Pada pertengahan 2011, superkomputer tercepat membual kecepatan melebihi satu petaflop, atau 1.000 triliun operasi floating point per detik. Super komputer yang cepat tetapi sangat mahal sehingga mereka umumnya digunakan oleh organisasi-organisasi besar untuk melaksanakan tugas komputasi menuntut melibatkan set data yang besar. Super komputer biasanya menjalankan aplikasi militer dan ilmiah. Meskipun mereka biaya jutaan dolar, mereka juga digunakan untuk aplikasi komersial di mana sejumlah besar data harus dianalisis. Misalnya, bank-bank besar menggunakan superkomputer untuk menghitung risiko dan imbalan dari berbagai strategi investasi, dan organisasi kesehatan menggunakannya untuk menganalisis database raksasa data pasien untuk menentukan pengobatan yang optimal untuk berbagai penyakit.</div>
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sumber : http://wikipedia.org</div>
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Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-34985791694311024572012-05-07T03:20:00.001-07:002014-10-03T09:54:14.551-07:00Simbol matematika dasar<br />
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</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ketidaksamaan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ketidaksamaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketidaksamaan</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> ≠ <i>y</i> berarti <i>x</i> dan <i>y</i> tidak mewakili hal atau nilai yang sama.</td>
<td rowspan="3">1 ≠ 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tidak sama dengan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">umum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
<<br />
<br />
></div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ketidaksamaan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ketidaksamaan (halaman belum tersedia)">ketidaksamaan</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> < <i>y</i> berarti <i>x</i> lebih kecil dari <i>y</i>.<br />
<br />
<i>x</i> > <i>y</i> means <i>x</i> lebih besar dari <i>y</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">3 < 4<br />
5 > 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">lebih kecil dari; lebih besar dari</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Order theory (halaman belum tersedia)">order theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
≤<br />
<br />
≥</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inequality&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Inequality (halaman belum tersedia)">inequality</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> ≤ <i>y</i> berarti <i>x</i> lebih kecil dari atau sama dengan <i>y</i>.<br />
<br />
<i>x</i> ≥ <i>y</i> berarti <i>x</i> lebih besar dari atau sama dengan <i>y</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">3 ≤ 4 and 5 ≤ 5<br />
5 ≥ 4 and 5 ≥ 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">lebih kecil dari atau sama dengan, lebih besar dari atau sama dengan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Order theory (halaman belum tersedia)">order theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
+</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tambah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tambah (halaman belum tersedia)">tambah</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">4 + 6 berarti jumlah antara 4 dan 6.</td>
<td rowspan="3">2 + 7 = 9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tambah</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disjoint_union&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Disjoint union (halaman belum tersedia)">disjoint union</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i><sub>1</sub> + <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> means the disjoint union of sets <i>A</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>A</i><sub>2</sub>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i><sub>1</sub>={1,2,3,4} ∧ <i>A</i><sub>2</sub>={2,4,5,7} ⇒<br />
<i>A</i><sub>1</sub> + <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (2,2), (4,2), (5,2), (7,2)}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the disjoint union of … and …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="9"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
−</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kurang (halaman belum tersedia)">kurang</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">9 − 4 berarti 9 dikurangi 4.</td>
<td rowspan="3">8 − 3 = 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">kurang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negative_and_non-negative_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negative and non-negative numbers (halaman belum tersedia)">tanda negatif</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">−3 berarti negatif dari angka 3.</td>
<td rowspan="3">−(−5) = 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">negatif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Complement_%28set_theory%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Complement (set theory) (halaman belum tersedia)">set-theoretic complement</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> − <i>B</i> berarti himpunan yang mempunyai semua anggota dari <i>A</i> yang tidak terdapat pada <i>B</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{1,2,4} − {1,3,4} = {2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">minus; without</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">set theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="9"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
×</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplication&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Multiplication (halaman belum tersedia)">multiplication</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">3 × 4 berarti perkalian 3 oleh 4.</td>
<td rowspan="3">7 × 8 = 56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">kali</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartesian_product&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cartesian product (halaman belum tersedia)">Cartesian product</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>X</i>×<i>Y</i> means the set of all <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ordered_pairs&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ordered pairs (halaman belum tersedia)">ordered pairs</a> with the first element of each pair selected from X and the second element selected from Y.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{1,2} × {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Cartesian product of … and …; the direct product of … and …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_product&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cross product (halaman belum tersedia)">cross product</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>u</b> × <b>v</b> means the cross product of <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vector&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vector (halaman belum tersedia)">vectors</a> <b>u</b> and <b>v</b></td>
<td rowspan="3">(1,2,5) × (3,4,−1) =<br />
(−22, 16, − 2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">cross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vector_algebra&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vector algebra (halaman belum tersedia)">vector algebra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
÷<br />
<br />
/</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Division_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Division (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">division</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">6 ÷ 3 atau 6/3 berati 6 dibagi 3.</td>
<td rowspan="3">2 ÷ 4 = .5<br />
<br />
12/4 = 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">bagi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
√</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Square_root&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Square root (halaman belum tersedia)">square root</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">√<i>x</i> berarti bilangan positif yang kuadratnya <i>x</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">√4 = 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">akar kuadrat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_real" title="Bilangan real">bilangan real</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Square_root&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Square root (halaman belum tersedia)">complex square root</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">if <i>z</i> = <i>r</i> exp(<i>i</i>φ) is represented in polar coordinates with -π < φ ≤ π, then √<i>z</i> = √<i>r</i> exp(<i>i</i>φ/2).</td>
<td rowspan="3">√(-1) = i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the complex square root of; square root</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_kompleks" title="Bilangan kompleks">Bilangan kompleks</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
| |</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absolute_value&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Absolute value (halaman belum tersedia)">absolute value</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">|<i>x</i>| means the distance in the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Real_line&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Real line (halaman belum tersedia)">real line</a> (or the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Complex_plane&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Complex plane (halaman belum tersedia)">complex plane</a>) between <i>x</i> and <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=0_%28number%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="0 (number) (halaman belum tersedia)">zero</a>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">|3| = 3, |-5| = |5|<br />
|<i>i</i>| = 1, |3+4<i>i</i>| = 5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">nilai mutlak dari</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Number&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Number (halaman belum tersedia)">numbers</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
!</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Factorial&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Factorial (halaman belum tersedia)">factorial</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>n</i>! adalah hasil dari 1×2×...×<i>n</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">faktorial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Combinatorics&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Combinatorics (halaman belum tersedia)">combinatorics</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
~</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Probability_distribution&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Probability distribution (halaman belum tersedia)">probability distribution</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>X ~ D</i>, means the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Random_variable&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Random variable (halaman belum tersedia)">random variable</a> <i>X</i> has the probability distribution <i>D</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>X ~ N(0,1), the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard_normal_distribution&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Standard normal distribution (halaman belum tersedia)">standard normal distribution</a></i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">has distribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">statistika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
⇒<br />
<br />
→<br />
<br />
⊃</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Material_implication&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Material implication (halaman belum tersedia)">material implication</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⇒ <i>B</i> means if <i>A</i> is true then <i>B</i> is also true; if <i>A</i> is false then nothing is said about <i>B</i>.<br />
<br />
→ may mean the same as ⇒, or it may have the meaning for <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Function_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Function (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">functions</a> given below.<br />
<br />
⊃ may mean the same as ⇒, or it may have the meaning for <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superset&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Superset (halaman belum tersedia)">superset</a> given below.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> = 2 ⇒ <i>x</i><sup>2</sup> = 4 is true, but <i>x</i><sup>2</sup> = 4 ⇒ <i>x</i> = 2 is in general false (since <i>x</i> could be −2).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">implies; if .. then</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
⇔<br />
<br />
↔</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Material_equivalence&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Material equivalence (halaman belum tersedia)">material equivalence</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⇔ <i>B</i> means <i>A</i> is true if <i>B</i> is true and <i>A</i> is false if <i>B</i> is false.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> + 5 = <i>y</i> +2 ⇔ <i>x</i> + 3 = <i>y</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">if and only if; iff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
¬<br />
<br />
˜</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logical_negation&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Logical negation (halaman belum tersedia)">logical negation</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">The statement ¬<i>A</i> is true if and only if <i>A</i> is false.<br />
<br />
A slash placed through another operator is the same as "¬" placed in front.</td>
<td rowspan="3">¬(¬<i>A</i>) ⇔ <i>A</i><br />
<i>x</i> ≠ <i>y</i> ⇔ ¬(<i>x</i> = <i>y</i>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">not</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∧</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logical_conjunction&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Logical conjunction (halaman belum tersedia)">logical conjunction</a> or <b>meet</b> in a <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lattice_%28order%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lattice (order) (halaman belum tersedia)">lattice</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">The statement <i>A</i> ∧ <i>B</i> is true if <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> are both true; else it is false.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>n</i> < 4 ∧ <i>n</i> >2 ⇔ <i>n</i> = 3 when <i>n</i> is a <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_number&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Natural number (halaman belum tersedia)">natural number</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">and</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lattice_%28order%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lattice (order) (halaman belum tersedia)">lattice theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∨</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logical_disjunction&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Logical disjunction (halaman belum tersedia)">logical disjunction</a> or <b>join</b> in a <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lattice_%28order%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lattice (order) (halaman belum tersedia)">lattice</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">The statement <i>A</i> ∨ <i>B</i> is true if <i>A</i> or <i>B</i> (or both) are true; if both are false, the statement is false.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>n</i> ≥ 4 ∨ <i>n</i> ≤ 2 ⇔ <i>n</i> ≠ 3 when <i>n</i> is a <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_number&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Natural number (halaman belum tersedia)">natural number</a>.
<br />
\<br />
<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lattice_%28order%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lattice (order) (halaman belum tersedia)">lattice theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
⊕</div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
⊻</div>
||<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_or&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Exclusive or (halaman belum tersedia)">exclusive or</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">The statement <i>A</i> ⊕ <i>B</i> is true when either A or B, but not both, are true. <i>A</i> ⊻ <i>B</i> means the same.</td>
<td rowspan="3">(¬<i>A</i>) ⊕ <i>A</i> is always true, <i>A</i> ⊕ <i>A</i> is always false.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">xor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boolean_algebra&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Boolean algebra (halaman belum tersedia)">Boolean algebra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∀</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_quantification&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Universal quantification (halaman belum tersedia)">universal quantification</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∀ <i>x</i>: <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) means <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) is true for all <i>x</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∀ <i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b>: <i>n</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ <i>n</i>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">for all; for any; for each</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predicate_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Predicate logic (halaman belum tersedia)">predicate logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∃</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existential_quantification&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Existential quantification (halaman belum tersedia)">existential quantification</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∃ <i>x</i>: <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) means there is at least one <i>x</i> such that <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) is true.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∃ <i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b>: <i>n</i> is even.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">there exists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predicate_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Predicate logic (halaman belum tersedia)">predicate logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∃!</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniqueness_quantification&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Uniqueness quantification (halaman belum tersedia)">uniqueness quantification</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∃! <i>x</i>: <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) means there is exactly one <i>x</i> such that <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) is true.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∃! <i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b>: <i>n</i> + 5 = 2<i>n</i>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">there exists exactly one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predicate_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Predicate logic (halaman belum tersedia)">predicate logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
:=<br />
<br />
≡<br />
<br />
:⇔</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Definition&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Definition (halaman belum tersedia)">definition</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> := <i>y</i> or <i>x</i> ≡ <i>y</i> means <i>x</i> is defined to be another name for <i>y</i> (but note that ≡ can also mean other things, such as <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congruence&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Congruence (halaman belum tersedia)">congruence</a>).<br />
<br />
<i>P</i> :⇔ <i>Q</i> means <i>P</i> is defined to be logically equivalent to <i>Q</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">cosh <i>x</i> := (1/2)(exp <i>x</i> + exp (−<i>x</i>))<br />
<br />
<i>A</i> XOR <i>B</i> :⇔ (<i>A</i> ∨ <i>B</i>) ∧ ¬(<i>A</i> ∧ <i>B</i>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is defined as</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">everywhere</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
{ , }</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set" title="Set">set</a> brackets</td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>,<i>c</i>} means the set consisting of <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, and <i>c</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>N</b> = {0,1,2,...}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the set of ...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
{ : }<br />
<br />
{ | }</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Set_builder_notation&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Set builder notation (halaman belum tersedia)">set builder notation</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>x</i> : <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>)} means the set of all <i>x</i> for which <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>) is true. {<i>x</i> | <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>)} is the same as {<i>x</i> : <i>P</i>(<i>x</i>)}.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b> : <i>n</i><sup>2</sup> < 20} = {0,1,2,3,4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the set of ... such that ...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
<span class="Unicode">∅</span><br />
<br />
{}</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himpunan_kosong" title="Himpunan kosong">himpunan kosong</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><span class="Unicode">∅</span> berarti himpunan yang tidak memiliki elemen. {} juga berarti hal yang sama.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b> : 1 < <i>n</i><sup>2</sup> < 4} = <span class="Unicode">∅</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">himpunan kosong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∈<br />
<br />
∉</div>
</td>
<td>set membership</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>a</i> ∈ <i>S</i> means <i>a</i> is an element of the set <i>S</i>; <i>a</i> ∉ <i>S</i> means <i>a</i> is not an element of <i>S</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">(1/2)<sup>−1</sup> ∈ <b>N</b><br />
<br />
2<sup>−1</sup> ∉ <b>N</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is an element of; is not an element of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">everywhere, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
⊆<br />
<br />
⊂</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subset&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subset (halaman belum tersedia)">subset</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⊆ <i>B</i> means every element of <i>A</i> is also element of <i>B</i>.<br />
<br />
<i>A</i> ⊂ <i>B</i> means <i>A</i> ⊆ <i>B</i> but <i>A</i> ≠ <i>B</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ∩ <i>B</i> ⊆ <i>A</i>; <b>Q</b> ⊂ <b>R</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is a subset of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
⊇<br />
<br />
⊃</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superset&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Superset (halaman belum tersedia)">superset</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⊇ <i>B</i> means every element of <i>B</i> is also element of <i>A</i>.<br />
<br />
<i>A</i> ⊃ <i>B</i> means <i>A</i> ⊇ <i>B</i> but <i>A</i> ≠ <i>B</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ∪ <i>B</i> ⊇ <i>B</i>; <b>R</b> ⊃ <b>Q</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is a superset of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∪</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_%28set_theory%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Union (set theory) (halaman belum tersedia)">set-theoretic union</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ∪ <i>B</i> means the set that contains all the elements from <i>A</i> and also all those from <i>B</i>, but no others.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⊆ <i>B</i> ⇔ <i>A</i> ∪ <i>B</i> = <i>B</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the union of ... and ...; union</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∩</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intersection_%28set_theory%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intersection (set theory) (halaman belum tersedia)">set-theoretic intersection</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ∩ <i>B</i> means the set that contains all those elements that <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> have in common.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>x</i> ∈ <b>R</b> : <i>x</i><sup>2</sup> = 1} ∩ <b>N</b> = {1}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">intersected with; intersect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
\</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Complement_%28set_theory%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Complement (set theory) (halaman belum tersedia)">set-theoretic complement</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> \ <i>B</i> means the set that contains all those elements of <i>A</i> that are not in <i>B</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{1,2,3,4} \ {3,4,5,6} = {1,2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">minus; without</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
( )</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Function_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Function (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">function</a> application</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) berarti nilai fungsi <i>f</i> pada elemen <i>x</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">Jika <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) := <i>x</i><sup>2</sup>, maka <i>f</i>(3) = 3<sup>2</sup> = 9.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>precedence grouping</td>
<td rowspan="3">Perform the operations inside the parentheses first.</td>
<td rowspan="3">(8/4)/2 = 2/2 = 1, but 8/(4/2) = 8/2 = 4.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">umum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
<i>f</i>:<i>X</i>→<i>Y</i></div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Function_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Function (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">function</a> arrow</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>f</i>: <i>X</i> → <i>Y</i> means the function <i>f</i> maps the set <i>X</i> into the set <i>Y</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">Let <i>f</i>: <b>Z</b> → <b>N</b> be defined by <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x</i><sup>2</sup>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">from ... to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
<small>o</small></div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Function_composition&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Function composition (halaman belum tersedia)">function composition</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>f</i><small>o</small><i>g</i> is the function, such that (<i>f</i><small>o</small><i>g</i>)(<i>x</i>) = <i>f</i>(<i>g</i>(<i>x</i>)).</td>
<td rowspan="3">if <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = 2<i>x</i>, and <i>g</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x</i> + 3, then (<i>f</i><small>o</small><i>g</i>)(<i>x</i>) = 2(<i>x</i> + 3).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">composed with</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">teori himpunan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
N</div>
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
ℕ</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_asli" title="Bilangan asli">Bilangan asli</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>N</b> berarti {0,1,2,3,...}, but see the article on natural numbers for a different convention.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{|<i>a</i>| : <i>a</i> ∈ <b>Z</b>} = <b>N</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">Bilangan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
Z</div>
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
ℤ</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_bulat" title="Bilangan bulat">Bilangan bulat</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>Z</b> berarti {...,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,...}.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{<i>a</i> : |<i>a</i>| ∈ <b>N</b>} = <b>Z</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">Bilangan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
Q</div>
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
ℚ</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_rasional" title="Bilangan rasional">Bilangan rasional</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>Q</b> berarti {<i>p</i>/<i>q</i> : <i>p</i>,<i>q</i> ∈ <b>Z</b>, <i>q</i> ≠ 0}.</td>
<td rowspan="3">3.14 ∈ <b>Q</b><br />
<br />
π ∉ <b>Q</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Q</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">Bilangan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
R</div>
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
ℝ</div>
</td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_real" title="Bilangan real">Bilangan real</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>R</b> berarti {lim<sub>n→∞</sub> <i>a</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> : ∀ <i>n</i> ∈ <b>N</b>: <i>a</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> ∈ <b>Q</b>, the limit exists}.</td>
<td rowspan="3">π ∈ <b>R</b><br />
<br />
√(−1) ∉ <b>R</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">R</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">Bilangan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
C</div>
<br />
<div style="font-size: 200%;">
ℂ</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_kompleks" title="Bilangan kompleks">Bilangan kompleks</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><b>C</b> means {<i>a</i> + <i>bi</i> : <i>a</i>,<i>b</i> ∈ <b>R</b>}.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>i</i> = √(−1) ∈ <b>C</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">Bilangan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∞</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infinity&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Infinity (halaman belum tersedia)">infinity</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∞ is an element of the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extended_real_number_line&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Extended real number line (halaman belum tersedia)">extended number line</a> that is greater than all real numbers; it often occurs in <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limit_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Limit (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">limits</a>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">lim<sub>x→0</sub> 1/|<i>x</i>| = ∞</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">infinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Number&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Number (halaman belum tersedia)">numbers</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
π</div>
</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">pi</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">π berarti perbandingan (rasio) antara keliling <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkaran" title="Lingkaran">lingkaran</a> dengan diameternya.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> = π<i>r</i>² adalah luas lingkaran dengan jari-jari (radius) <i>r</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">pi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euclidean_geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Euclidean geometry (halaman belum tersedia)">Euclidean geometry</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
|| ||</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Normed_vector_space&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Normed vector space (halaman belum tersedia)">norm</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">||<i>x</i>|| is the norm of the element <i>x</i> of a <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Normed_vector_space&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Normed vector space (halaman belum tersedia)">normed vector space</a>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">||<i>x</i>+<i>y</i>|| ≤ ||<i>x</i>|| + ||<i>y</i>||</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">norm of; length of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linear_algebra&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Linear algebra (halaman belum tersedia)">linear algebra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∑</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Addition&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Addition (halaman belum tersedia)">summation</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∑<sub><i>k</i>=1</sub><sup><i>n</i></sup> <i>a</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> means <i>a</i><sub>1</sub> + <i>a</i><sub>2</sub> + ... + <i>a</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∑<sub><i>k</i>=1</sub><sup>4</sup> <i>k</i><sup>2</sup> = 1<sup>2</sup> + 2<sup>2</sup> + 3<sup>2</sup> + 4<sup>2</sup> = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">sum over ... from ... to ... of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∏</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiplication&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Multiplication (halaman belum tersedia)">product</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∏<sub><i>k</i>=1</sub><sup><i>n</i></sup> <i>a</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> means <i>a</i><sub>1</sub><i>a</i><sub>2</sub>···<i>a</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∏<sub><i>k</i>=1</sub><sup>4</sup> (<i>k</i> + 2) = (1 + 2)(2 + 2)(3 + 2)(4 + 2) = 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 360</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">product over ... from ... to ... of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmatika" title="Aritmatika">aritmatika</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartesian_product&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cartesian product (halaman belum tersedia)">Cartesian product</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∏<sub><i>i</i>=0</sub><sup><i>n</i></sup><i>Y</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> means the set of all <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N-tuple&action=edit&redlink=1" title="N-tuple (halaman belum tersedia)">(n+1)-tuples</a> (<i>y</i><sub>0</sub>,...,<i>y</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>).</td>
<td rowspan="3">∏<sub><i>n</i>=1</sub><sup>3</sup><b>R</b> = <b>R</b><sup><i>n</i></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the Cartesian product of; the direct product of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naive_set_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Naive set theory (halaman belum tersedia)">set theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
'</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derivative&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Derivative (halaman belum tersedia)">derivative</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>f</i> '(<i>x</i>) is the derivative of the function <i>f</i> at the point <i>x</i>, i.e., the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slope&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Slope (halaman belum tersedia)">slope</a> of the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangent&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tangent (halaman belum tersedia)">tangent</a> there.</td>
<td rowspan="3">If <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x</i><sup>2</sup>, then <i>f</i> '(<i>x</i>) = 2<i>x</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">… prime; derivative of …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 150%;">
∫</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indefinite_integral&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Indefinite integral (halaman belum tersedia)">indefinite integral</a> or <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiderivative&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Antiderivative (halaman belum tersedia)">antiderivative</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∫ <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) d<i>x</i> means a function whose derivative is <i>f</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∫<i>x</i><sup>2</sup> d<i>x</i> = <i>x</i><sup>3</sup>/3 + C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">indefinite integral of …; the antiderivative of …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Definite_integral&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Definite integral (halaman belum tersedia)">definite integral</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∫<sub><i>a</i></sub><sup><i>b</i></sup> <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) d<i>x</i> means the signed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> between the <i>x</i>-axis and the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graph_%28functions%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Graph (functions) (halaman belum tersedia)">graph</a> of the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Function_%28mathematics%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Function (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">function</a> <i>f</i> between <i>x</i> = <i>a</i> and <i>x</i> = <i>b</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∫<sub>0</sub><sup><i>b</i></sup> x<sup>2</sup> d<i>x</i> = <i>b</i><sup>3</sup>/3;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">integral from ... to ... of ... with respect to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∇</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gradient&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gradient (halaman belum tersedia)">gradient</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∇<i>f</i> (x<sub>1</sub>, …, x<sub><i>n</i></sub>) is the vector of partial derivatives (<i>df</i> / <i>dx</i><sub>1</sub>, …, <i>df</i> / <i>dx</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>).</td>
<td rowspan="3">If <i>f</i> (<i>x</i>,<i>y</i>,<i>z</i>) = 3<i>xy</i> + <i>z</i>² then ∇<i>f</i> = (3<i>y</i>, 3<i>x</i>, 2<i>z</i>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Del&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Del (halaman belum tersedia)">del</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabla&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nabla (halaman belum tersedia)">nabla</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gradient&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gradient (halaman belum tersedia)">gradient</a> of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
∂</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Partial_derivative&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Partial derivative (halaman belum tersedia)">partial derivative</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">With <i>f</i> (x<sub>1</sub>, …, x<sub><i>n</i></sub>), ∂f/∂x<sub>i</sub> is the derivative of <i>f</i> with respect to x<sub>i</sub>, with all other variables kept constant.</td>
<td rowspan="3">If <i>f</i>(x,y) = x<sup>2</sup>y, then ∂<i>f</i>/∂x = 2xy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">partial derivative of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boundary_%28topology%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Boundary (topology) (halaman belum tersedia)">boundary</a></td>
<td rowspan="3">∂<i>M</i> means the boundary of <i>M</i></td>
<td rowspan="3">∂{x : ||x|| ≤ 2} =<br />
{x : || x || = 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">boundary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Topology (halaman belum tersedia)">topology</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="6"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
⊥</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perpendicular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perpendicular (halaman belum tersedia)">perpendicular</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> ⊥ <i>y</i> means <i>x</i> is perpendicular to <i>y</i>; or more generally <i>x</i> is orthogonal to <i>y</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">If <i>l</i>⊥<i>m</i> and <i>m</i>⊥<i>n</i> then <i>l</i> || <i>n</i>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is perpendicular to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri">geometri</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bottom_element&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bottom element (halaman belum tersedia)">bottom element</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> = ⊥ means <i>x</i> is the smallest element.</td>
<td rowspan="3">∀<i>x</i> : <i>x</i> ∧ ⊥ = ⊥</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">the bottom element</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lattice_%28order%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lattice (order) (halaman belum tersedia)">lattice theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
|=</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entailment&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Entailment (halaman belum tersedia)">entailment</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⊧ <i>B</i> means the sentence <i>A</i> entails the sentence <i>B</i>, that is every <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model" title="Model">model</a> in which <i>A</i> is true, <i>B</i> is also true.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> ⊧ <i>A</i> ∨ ¬<i>A</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">entails</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Model_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Model theory (halaman belum tersedia)">model theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
|-</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inference&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Inference (halaman belum tersedia)">inference</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>x</i> ⊢ <i>y</i> means <i>y</i> is derived from <i>x</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>A</i> → <i>B</i> ⊢ ¬<i>B</i> → ¬<i>A</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">infers or is derived from</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propositional_calculus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propositional calculus (halaman belum tersedia)">propositional logic</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predicate_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Predicate logic (halaman belum tersedia)">predicate logic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
◅</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Normal_subgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Normal subgroup (halaman belum tersedia)">normal subgroup</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>N</i> ◅ <i>G</i> means that <i>N</i> is a normal subgroup of group <i>G</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>Z</i>(<i>G</i>) ◅ <i>G</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is a normal subgroup of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Group theory (halaman belum tersedia)">group theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
/</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quotient_group&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Quotient group (halaman belum tersedia)">quotient group</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>G</i>/<i>H</i> means the quotient of group <i>G</i> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo" title="Modulo">modulo</a> its subgroup <i>H</i>.</td>
<td rowspan="3">{0, <i>a</i>, 2<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>b</i>+<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>+2<i>a</i>} / {0, <i>b</i>} = {{0, <i>b</i>}, {<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>+<i>a</i>}, {2<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>+2<i>a</i>}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">mod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Group theory (halaman belum tersedia)">group theory</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#D0F0D0" rowspan="3"><div style="font-size: 200%;">
≈</div>
</td>
<td><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isomorphism&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Isomorphism (halaman belum tersedia)">isomorphism</a></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>G</i> ≈ <i>H</i> means that group <i>G</i> is isomorphic to group <i>H</i></td>
<td rowspan="3"><i>Q</i> / {1, −1} ≈ <i>V</i>,<br />
where <i>Q</i> is the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quaternion_group&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Quaternion group (halaman belum tersedia)">quaternion group</a> and <i>V</i> is the <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein_four-group&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Klein four-group (halaman belum tersedia)">Klein four-group</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">is isomorphic to</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Group theory (halaman belum tersedia)">group theory</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-10655345465904791512012-05-07T03:07:00.001-07:002015-09-28T16:17:18.106-07:00Cara membuat dan menampilkan Tanda Kurang-Lebih (±)Tanda kurang lebih (±) seringkali Anda temukan dalam dokumen. Biasanya,
tanda ini disertakan untuk menyebutkan kisaran harga atau jumlah suatu
produk dan barang. Untuk menulis tanda ini, kebanyakan pengguna PC
menggunakan fasilitas “Symbol” pada program Microsoft Office, baik Word
maupun Excel. Biasanya, mereka hanya mengambil sekali saja dari
“Symbol” dalam satu proses editing atau pengetikkan. Selanjutnya,
kebanyakan dari mereka tinggal meng-copy tanda tersebut bila dibutuhkan
di paragraf lainnya.<br />
Namun, ada juga di antara mereka yang menulis dengan ejaan kalimatnya, yaitu “kurang lebih” untuk menghemat waktu editing.<br />
<br />
Sebenarnya bagaimana untuk menulis tanda tersebut dengan cepat, tanpa
harus repot menggunakan fasilitas “Symbol” yang dapat dipanggil dari
menu “Insert”? Dengan mengetikkan tanda “+” yang dilanjutkan dengan “/”
dan “-” sehingga membentuk “+/-” tampaknya agak kurang efektif untuk
dokumen Anda. Oleh karena itu, lebih baik Anda menggunakan tips ini.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="border-width: 1px; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://yasiranak252.blogspot.com/"><br /></a></div>
Untuk membuat tanda “Kurang Lebih” pada dokumen, Anda dapat menggunakan
shortcut. Sebelum Anda mengetikkan jumlah bilangannya, coba Anda
gunakan kombinasi tombol “Alt” dan “0177″. Caranya, Anda tahan tombol
“Alt” lalu tekan “0177″. Untuk “0177″ Anda harus mengetiknya dari
bagian “Numerik” di keyboard. Oleh karena itu, pastikan terlebih dahulu
fungsi “Num Lock” telah menyala. Setelah Anda mengetikkan kombinasi
tombol tersebut, lihat hasilnya. Tanda “±” pasti telah ada di lembar
kerja Anda.Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-53290406295594233342011-11-18T20:01:00.000-08:002015-09-30T01:46:40.777-07:00cara menghargai diri sendiri 8 cara<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
<a href="http://terselubung.blogspot.com/2011/11/8-cara-menghargai-diri-sendiri.html"><br />
</a> </h3>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div style="float: right;">
<div>
</div>
<table><tbody>
<tr><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Seberapa besar Anda menghargai diri sendiri? Jika belum, ambillah waktu sebentar dan lakukan sesuatu yang baik untuk diri sendiri.<br />
1. Sediakan waktu. Menyediakan waktu untuk diri sendiri akan membuat pikiran segar kembali. Bahkan, menyediakan lima menit hanya untuk menutup mata dan memfokuskan pikiran dapat membantu Anda merasa lebih baik. Namun, akan lebih baik bila Anda bisa menyediakan waktu yang lebih banyak untuk memfokuskan pikiran pada diri sendiri dan apa yang perlu dilakukan.<br />
<br />
2. Lakukan sesuatu yang baik untuk tubuh. Memang mudah mengabaikan kesakitan yang dirasakan tubuh dan lupa untuk mengurus diri sendiri. Cobalah berendam di air panas yang dicampur garam atau mintalah seseorang untuk memeluk. Bisa juga cobalah berdiri dan lakukan peregangan.<br />
<br />
3. Buat diri sendiri merasa nyaman. Misalnya dengan menelepon teman atau minum teh hangat, tidur dengan bantal dan selimut yang nyaman, menulis buku harian, makan sesuatu yang disukai, mencium bau minyak aromaterapi seperti vanila, lavender, dan lain-lain.<br />
<br />
4. Pergi ke dunia lain. Caranya adalah dengan membaca buku, menonton film, atau biarkan pikiran mengalir ke mana pun ia pergi.<br />
<br />
5. Melakukan sesuatu yang konyol. Ini akan membawa keluar jiwa kanak-kanak yang ada dalam kepribadian kita dan memberi perasaan bahagia. Misalnya bermain busa sabun, membuat kue, mengamati awan dan mereka-reka bentuknya, serta bermain dengan hewan peliharaan atau otopet.<br />
<br />
6. Cuti sehari. Apalagi bila Anda sudah merasa jenuh dengan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Ambil cuti sehari dan lakukan apa pun yang ingin dilakukan seharian penuh. Ini lebih baik daripada sehari di akhir pekan.<br />
<br />
7. Jalan-jalan di tengah alam terbuka. Kadang kita lupa memperhatikan dunia yang terbentang di sekitar. Mengamati alam akan membuat kita merasa lebih enak dan kalem. Berjalanlah di taman. Amati dan pandanglah pohon, rumput, langit, kemudian bernapaslah.<br />
<br />
8. Melakukan sesuatu yang sudah lama ingin Anda kerjakan. Mengapa menundanya lagi? Lekas kerjakan dan Anda akan merasa lebih baik.</div>
Autoidy.blogspot.comhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05486070756013935317noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4866071295281348074.post-38631874761560437412011-11-18T19:44:00.000-08:002015-09-29T01:40:41.241-07:00Pengertian sistem pengapian cdi<div id="contentStyle">
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<span style="color: #0033cc; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Kembali">Sistem Pengapian CDI</a></strong></span><br />
<strong style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cara Kerja Komponen Sistem Pengapian CDI</strong></div>
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<a class="linkMenu style15 style16" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#Baterai" target="">1. Baterai</a> </div>
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<a class="linkMenu style15 style16" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#kunci%20kontak" target="">2. Kunci Kontak</a> </div>
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<a class="linkMenu style16 style17" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#Ignition%20Coil">3. Ignition Coil </a></div>
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<a class="linkMenu style16 style17" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#Unit%20Pemutus%20Arus">4. Unit Pemutus Arus</a> </div>
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<a class="linkMenu style16 style17" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#Distributor">5. Distributor </a></div>
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<a class="linkMenu style16 style17" href="http://m-edukasi.net/online/2007/cdi/materi03.html#Busi">6. Busi </a></div>
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Baterai">1. Baterai</a></strong><br />
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<span class="style9">Saat reaksi kimia (elektrolisa air) muncul di dalam elektrolit saat pengisian, hal itu disebabkan plat kutub positip membangkitkan oksigen dan plat kutub negatip membangkitkan hidrogen. Pada proses elektrolisa air, volume elektrolit menurun, sehingga membutuhkan pengisian kembali.</span></div>
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="kunci kontak">2. Kunci Kontak</a></strong><br />
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Cara kerja kunci kontak adalah dengan memutar kunci kontak ke posisi yang kita inginkan. Setiap posisi pada kunci kontak akan menentukan hubungan kelistrikan pada rangkaian pengapian sehingga memfungsikan komponen.<br />
Beberapa posisi kunci kontak yang mempengaruhi komponen pengapian :</div>
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<li class="style9">ACC (Accesories) menghubungkan arus/tegangan dari baterai ke accesories mobil, contoh tape mobil ( sound system ). </li>
<li class="style9">OFF mematikan semua kelistrikan otomotif dari baterai ke rangkaian. </li>
<li class="style9">ON / IG menghubungkan arus / tegangan dari baterai ke ignition ( Coil + ).</li>
<li class="style9">ST ( Start ) menghubungkan arus / tegangan dari baterai ke M.Stater ( T.50 ) sehingga motor stater akan berputar menggerakkan mesin.</li>
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Ignition Coil">3. Igniton Coil</a></strong></div>
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Cara kerja Ignition Coil adalah sebagai berikut:</div>
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Komponen ini meningkatkan tegangan baterai (12V) untuk membangkitkan tegangan tinggi di atas 10kV, yang perlu untuk pengapian. Primary dan secondary coil diletakkan saling berdekatan. Saat arus diberikan secara <em>intermittent ke primary coil</em>, terciptalah saling induktansi. Mekanisme ini dimanfaatkan untuk membangkitkan tegangan tinggi pada secondary coil. <br />
Koil pengapian dapat membangkitkan tegangan tinggi yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan jumlah dan ukuran gulungan koil. <strong>Tegangan tinggi pada Pengapian CDI adalah pada saat arus dari kapasitor dengan cepat mengalir ke kumparan primer</strong>. </div>
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Unit Pemutus Arus">4. Unit Pemutus Arus</a></strong></div>
<span class="style9">Pada saat rotor alternator (magnit) berputar terjadi induksi listrik yang akan menimbulkan arus listrik AC. Arus akan diterima oleh CDI unit dengan besar tegangan antara 100-400volt. Arus AC ini diubah menjadi arus setengah gelombang oleh diode dan disimpan oleh capasitor di unit CDI.</span><br />
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Distributor">Distributor</a></strong></div>
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Distributor bekerja menyalurkan tegangan tinggi dari ignition coil ke busi melalui urutan pengapian tertentu ( Firing Order ). Di dalam distributor ini terdapat beberapa komponen yang menjadi satu mempunyai fungsi tersendiri. <br />
Pada distributor dapat dibedakan menjadi <strong>3 kelompok besar</strong>, yaitu :</div>
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<li class="style9">Kelompok kontak point/pemutus arus yaitu Unit CDI dan komponen didalamnya.</li>
<li class="style9">Kelompok pengatur pengapian yaitu centrifugal advancer dan vacum advancer.</li>
<li class="style9">Kelompok penerus tegangan tinggi yang terdiri dari rotor dan kabel tegangan tinggi.</li>
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<strong>Penting ! </strong>Semua komponen mekanis dan elektronik yang bekerja didalamnya selalu berkaitan dengan putaran mesin.</div>
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<strong><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4866071295281348074" name="Busi">6. Busi</a></strong></div>
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<span class="style9">Busi bekerja memercikan bunga api bila mendapat tegangan tinggi dari Ignition Coil untuk dapat melewati celah menuju ke massa. Tegangan tinggi ini menimbulkan bunga api dan suhu tinggi di antara elektroda tengah dan massa busi untuk menyalakan campuran udara dan bahan bakar yang dikompresikan. Busi harus bisa menjaga kemampuan penyalaan untuk jangka waktu yang lama, meskipun mengalami temperatur tinggi dan perubahan tekanan.</span></div>
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